{"id":20769,"date":"2019-04-22T10:00:09","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T08:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/?p=20769"},"modified":"2025-09-24T11:53:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T09:53:28","slug":"el-concepte-economiclindex-de-gini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/2019\/04\/22\/el-concepte-economiclindex-de-gini\/","title":{"rendered":"El concepte econ\u00f2mic:<\/span> L\u2019\u00edndex de Gini"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les mesures estad\u00edstiques de concentraci\u00f3 estudien el major o menor grau d’igualtat en el repartiment d’una variable entre una poblaci\u00f3 determinada.<\/strong><\/p>\n

MIGUEL DE LA FUENTE RODR\u00cdGUEZ.\u00a0Deg\u00e0 del Col\u00b7legi d\u2019Economistes d\u2019Ast\u00faries.<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n

Una de les m\u00e9s utilitzades \u00e9s l’\u00edndex de Gini, proposat per l’estad\u00edstic itali\u00e0 Conrado Gini. Com a mesura de concentraci\u00f3 es pot aplicar en diversos \u00e0mbits, encara que en economia s’ha popularitzat com a indicador de la desigualtat en la distribuci\u00f3 de la renda en un territori concret.<\/p>\n

Per a la seva determinaci\u00f3 s’ordenen els individus o llars en funci\u00f3 dels seus ingressos, de menor a major, calculant-se la proporci\u00f3 de persones o fam\u00edlies que tenen una renda inferior a un nivell determinat. La relaci\u00f3 entre la proporci\u00f3 acumulada de la poblaci\u00f3 i la dels ingressos porta a obtenir uns valors que varien entre 0 i 1. El valor 0 suposa un repartiment de la renda equitatiu, \u00e9s a dir, que tots els individus o llars percebin la mateixa renda. El valor 1 implica un nivell de desigualtat m\u00e0xim, en el qual un sol individu percebi el total d’ingressos del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

L’\u00edndex de Gini facilita la realitzaci\u00f3 de comparacions sobre el grau de desigualtat en la distribuci\u00f3 de la renda o la riquesa entre territoris, ja siguin regions o pa\u00efsos. Els territoris amb valors de l’\u00edndex m\u00e9s redu\u00efts s\u00f3n aquells que tenen una distribuci\u00f3 m\u00e9s igualit\u00e0ria, i en aquells en qu\u00e8 el valor s’aproxima m\u00e9s a la unitat passa el contrari, tenen un nivell de desigualtat m\u00e9s elevat.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 pot emprar-se per fer comparacions temporals i per valorar els efectes redistributius de les pol\u00edtiques p\u00fabliques, comparant les distribucions de renda de les llars abans i despr\u00e9s d’impostos i transfer\u00e8ncies.<\/p>\n

En el cas d’Espanya, els estudis de la Uni\u00f3 Europea mostren que entre l’any 2010 i el 2015, la intensa destrucci\u00f3 d’ocupaci\u00f3 va suposar un increment important en la desigualtat, passant l’\u00edndex de Gini d’un valor del 0,49 a 0,52 i comen\u00e7ant a reduir-se lentament a partir d’aquest any, a mesura que es recupera l’ocupaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les mesures estad\u00edstiques de concentraci\u00f3 estudien el major o menor grau d’igualtat en el repartiment d’una variable entre una poblaci\u00f3 determinada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":20774,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"bottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"10845","hide":""}},"categories":[10815,10845,7674],"tags":[113,5518,6678,7804,7805,7811],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/106"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20769"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47746,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20769\/revisions\/47746"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}