{"id":27696,"date":"2021-04-07T09:00:44","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T07:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/2021\/03\/30\/el-concepto-economico-balanza-de-pagos\/"},"modified":"2025-06-06T10:04:12","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T08:04:12","slug":"balanca-de-pagaments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/2021\/04\/07\/balanca-de-pagaments\/","title":{"rendered":"El concepte econ\u00f2mic: Balan\u00e7a de pagaments"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\"\"Per definici\u00f3, la balan\u00e7a de pagaments \u00e9s el registre comptable sistem\u00e0tic de les transaccions econ\u00f2miques entre residents i no residents d’un pa\u00eds durant un per\u00edode de temps determinat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

DR. ONOFRE MARTORELL CUNILL<\/strong>. <\/strong>Deg\u00e0-president del Col\u00b7legi d\u2019Economistes de les Illes Balears.<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n

Com tot document comptable, segueix la regla de la partida doble, i totes les operacions s\u2019anoten dues vegades: una primera, a la columna d’ingressos o variaci\u00f3 neta d’actius, i una segona, a la columna de pagaments o variaci\u00f3 neta de passius. L\u00f2gicament, com tot document comptable, el seu saldo final ser\u00e0 equilibrat, per\u00f2 els diferents saldos parcials obtinguts fins a acabar el document reflectiran d\u00e8ficits o super\u00e0vits de balan\u00e7a de pagaments que contenen una informaci\u00f3 molt rellevant per interpretar l’estat d’una economia.<\/p>\n

Un dels saldos m\u00e9s utilitzats \u00e9s el saldo de balan\u00e7a de pagaments per compte corrent, o capacitat o necessitat de finan\u00e7ament d’una economia. Tal com passa en una empresa, una situaci\u00f3 de d\u00e8ficit en les transaccions corrents d’un pa\u00eds comportar\u00e0 l’aparici\u00f3 de passius o la disminuci\u00f3 d’actius per compensar aquest saldo, mentre que un super\u00e0vit en aquestes operacions generar\u00e0 un augment dels actius o disminuci\u00f3 neta dels seus passius (per exemple, deutes). D’aquesta manera, d\u00e8ficits prolongats d’un pa\u00eds en les seves operacions corrents implicaran un creixent endeutament p\u00fablic o privat, o alternativament la venda d’actius (empreses, accions, immobles) a particulars, empreses o institucions no residents. D’aquesta manera, situacions prolongades de d\u00e8ficit implicaran una major vulnerabilitat del pa\u00eds i en minvaran la sobirania, mentre que, alternativament, l’acumulaci\u00f3 perllongada de super\u00e0vits tendir\u00e0 a sobrevalorar els actius del pa\u00eds (entre ells, la seva moneda) fent-ne menys competitiva l\u2019economia.<\/p>\n

\"\"La situaci\u00f3 ideal per a una economia ser\u00e0 posseir una balan\u00e7a de pagaments equilibrada de manera que per\u00edodes de lleugers d\u00e8ficits s’alternin amb per\u00edodes de super\u00e0vit, per tal que no condicionin l’objectiu \u00faltim, que \u00e9s el d’obtenir el m\u00e0xim creixement econ\u00f2mic del pa\u00eds i el m\u00e0xim benestar dels seus ciutadans. Precisament, el Producte Interior Brut (PIB), la magnitud normalment emprada per mesurar el creixement econ\u00f2mic, \u00e9s, tamb\u00e9, una magnitud comptable lligada a la balan\u00e7a de pagaments. De fet, comptablement, el creixement d’un pa\u00eds \u00e9s la suma del creixement de la demanda interna i de la seva demanda externa, essent aquesta \u00faltima el saldo net de la balan\u00e7a de pagaments de les partides de B\u00e9ns i serveis.<\/p>\n

En m\u00f3n cada vegada m\u00e9s globalitzat, la balan\u00e7a de pagaments es converteix en un instrument cada vegada m\u00e9s valorat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per definici\u00f3, la balan\u00e7a de pagaments \u00e9s el registre comptable sistem\u00e0tic de les transaccions econ\u00f2miques entre residents i no residents d’un pa\u00eds durant un per\u00edode de temps determinat. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":27690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"bottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"10845","hide":""}},"categories":[9,10820,10815,10845,10729,7954],"tags":[5518,6786,8526,8527,8528,8529,113,328,1865,5117,5514],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/99"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27696"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46109,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27696\/revisions\/46109"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monempresarial.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}